benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (bppv): what you need to know

WHAT IS BPPV?

Benign means “harmless,” while paroxysmal means “occurring in attacks.” Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is one of the most common causes of vertigo, the sudden sensation of head spinning. BPPV causes brief episodes of mild to intense dizziness. It is usually triggered by specific changes in your head’s position. This might occur when you tip your head up or down, when you lie down, or when you turn over or sit up in bed.

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS?

The signs and symptoms of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) may include:

• Dizziness
• A sense that you or your surroundings are spinning or moving (vertigo)
• A loss of balance or unsteadiness

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS?

The signs and symptoms of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) may include:

• Dizziness
• A sense that you or your surroundings are spinning or moving (vertigo)
• A loss of balance or unsteadiness
• Nausea
• Vomiting

The signs and symptoms of BPPV can come and go and commonly last less than one minute. Episodes of BPPV can disappear for some time and then recur. Activities that bring about the signs and symptoms of BPPV can vary from person to person, but are almost always triggered by a change in head position. Abnormal rhythmic eye movements usually accompany the symptoms of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.

WHAT IS THE CAUSE?

BPPV is caused by a disorder of the balance organ in the inner ear. Ear crystals, also known as canaliths, are tiny calcium carbonate crystals in the inner ear that play a crucial role in maintaining balance and spatial orientation. In patients with BPPV, these crystals become dislodged and move to a different location within the balance organ, where they do not belong. This irritates the balance organ when movement occurs.

Risk Factors

• Head injuries;
• (Chronic) ear infection;
• Prolonged bed rest.

These risk factors can result in BPPV. BPPV is most common in people over fifty.

HOW IS A DIAGNOSIS MADE?

A neurologist usually makes the diagnosis based on your symptoms and the results of a physical examination. During this examination, the doctor will likely try to induce dizziness with a test called a provocation test. The diagnosis is usually clear quickly, and further testing is not necessary.

WHAT TREATMENT OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE?

BPPV is generally easily treated. A neurologist or physical therapist can perform a head tilt procedure (Epley maneuver), which involves various head movements. The goal is to move particles from the fluid-filled semicircular canals of the inner ear into a tiny bag-like open area (vestibule) that houses one of the otolith organs in the ear. The dizziness experienced will usually disappear on its own within a few weeks to months. Occasionally, the dizziness returns or persists longer. In rare situations when the maneuver is not successful, a physician may recommend a surgical procedure.

COMPREHENSIVE AND COMPASSIONATE CARE

At SMMC, our goal is to improve your quality of life through personalized, compassionate care. From diagnosis to treatment, we are here to support you every step of the way. For more information, please contact the Neurology Department using the information on the back of this brochure.