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polyneuropathy: what you need to know

WHAT IS POLYNEUROPATHY

Polyneuropathy is a disorder of the nerves in the arms and legs. In some forms of polyneuropathy, mainly the sensory nerves are affected. In other forms, mainly the motor nerves are affected, but both can also occur.

In most forms of polyneuropathy, the symptoms develop slowly, over a period of months or years. Rarer forms of polyneuropathy begin quickly and are severe. In that case, the nerve endings in the arms and legs are mainly affected.

Most symptoms of polyneuropathy begin in the toes and feet. Later they may spread to the lower legs, fingertips and hands.

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS

Symptoms of polyneuropathy include:

  • Gradual onset of numbness, prickling or tingling in the feet or hands. These sensations can spread upward to the legs and arms.
  • Sharp, stabbing, throbbing or burning pain.
  • Extreme sensitivity to touch.
  • Pain during activities that should not cause pain, such as pain in the feet when putting weight on them or when they are under a blanket.
  • Lack of coordination and falling.
  • Muscle weakness.
  • Feeling as if you are wearing gloves or socks when you are not.
  • Inability to move if the motor nerves are affected.

WHAT IS THE CAUSE

Conditions that can lead to polyneuropathy include:

  • Autoimmune diseases;
  • Diabetes and metabolic syndrome;
  • Infections;
  • Hereditary disorders;
  • Tumor;
  • Disorders of the bone marrow;
  • Other diseases.

Risk factors

  • Alcohol abuse;
  • Exposure to toxins;
  • Repeated movements, such as those that occur in certain occupations;
  • Family history of neuropathy;
  • Low vitamin levels (particularly vitamin B12).

WHAT TREATMENT OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE

The disease cannot be cured. However, the symptoms can be reduced with medication and various treatments. Physiotherapy can help with this. Discuss the treatment with a healthcare provider to find an approach that suits you.

CAN IT BE PREVENTED

Treat the underlying conditions.

The best way to prevent polyneuropathy is to address existing health problems that increase the risk.

Make healthy lifestyle choices.

Develop healthy habits that support your nerve health.

  • Eat a diet rich in fruit, vegetables, whole grains and lean protein to keep your nerves healthy. Protect yourself against a vitamin B12 deficiency by eating meat, fish, eggs, low-fat dairy products and fortified cereals. If you are vegetarian or vegan, fortified cereals are a good source of vitamin B12, but consult your doctor about whether you should use B12 supplements.
  • Exercise regularly. In consultation with a healthcare provider, try to exercise for 30 minutes to an hour at least three times a week.
  • Avoid factors that can cause nerve damage. These factors may include repeated movements, exposure to toxic chemicals, smoking and excessive alcohol use.

COMPREHENSIVE AND COMPASSIONATE CARE

At SMMC, we strive to improve your quality of life through personal, caring guidance. From diagnosis to treatment, we are by your side every step of the way. For more information, contact the Neurology department using the contact details on the back of this brochure.

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