tonsillectomy & adenoidectomy
Insight into Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy
✓ What conditions affect the tonsils and adenoids?
✓ When should I see a doctor?
✓ Common symptoms of tonsillitis and enlarged adenoids
✓ and more...
Tonsils and adenoids are the body’s first line of defense as part of the immune system. They “sample” bacteria and viruses that enter the body through the mouth or nose, but they sometimes become infected. At times, they become more of a liability than an asset and may even cause airway obstruction or repeated bacterial infections. Your ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist can suggest the best treatment options.
What are Tonsils and Adenoids?
Tonsils and adenoids are similar to the lymph nodes or “glands” found in the neck, groin, and armpits. Tonsils are the two round lumps in the back of the throat. The adenoid is high in the throat behind the nose and the roof of the mouth (soft palate) and is not visible through the mouth or nose without special instruments. People have two tonsils and one adenoid.
What affects Tonsils and Adenoids?
The two most common problems affecting the tonsils and adenoids are recurrent infections of the nose and throat, and significant enlargement that causes nasal obstruction and/or breathing, swallowing, and sleep problems.
Abscesses around the tonsils, chronic tonsillitis, and infections of small pockets within the tonsils that produce foul-smelling white deposits can also affect the tonsils and adenoids, making them sore and swollen.
When should I see a doctor?
You should see your doctor when you or your child experience the common symptoms of infected or enlarged tonsils or adenoid.
Your physician will ask about problems of the ear, nose, and throat and examine the head and neck. He or she may use a small mirror or a flexible lighted instrument to see these areas.
Other methods used to check tonsils and adenoids are:
✓ Medical history
✓ Physical examination
And sometimes:
✓ Throat cultures/Strep tests - helpful in determining infections in the throat
✓ Blood tests - helpful in diagnosing infections such as mononucleosis
✓ Sleep study, or polysomnogram-helpful in determining whether sleep disturbance is occurring because of large tonsils and adenoids.
Tonsillitis and its symptoms
Tonsillitis is an infection of the tonsils. One sign is swelling of the tonsils. Other symptoms are:
✓ Redder than normal tonsils
✓ A white or yellow coating on the tonsils
✓ A slight voice change due to swelling
✓ Sore throat, sometimes accompanied by ear pain.
✓ Uncomfortable or painful swallowing
✓ Swollen lymph nodes (glands) in the neck
✓ Fever
✓ Bad breath
Enlarged tonsils and/or adenoid and their symptoms
If your or your child’s adenoids are enlarged, it may be hard to breathe through the nose. If the tonsils and adenoids are enlarged, breathing during sleep may be disturbed. Other signs of adenoid and or tonsil enlargement are:
✓ Breathing through the mouth instead of the nose most of the time
✓ Nose sounds “blocked” when the person speaks
✓ Chronic runny nose
✓ Noisy breathing during the day
✓ Recurrent ear infections
✓ Snoring at night
✓ Restlessness during sleep, pauses in breathing for a few seconds at night(may indicate sleep apnea).
How are tonsils and adenoid diseases treated?
Bacterial infections of the tonsils, especially those caused by streptococcus, are first treated with antibiotics. Removal of the tonsils (tonsillectomy) and/ or adenoids (adenoidectomy) may be recommended if there are recurrent infections despite antibiotic therapy, and/or difficulty breathing due to enlarged tonsils and/or adenoid. Such obstruction to breathing causes snoring and disturbed sleep that leads to daytime sleepiness, and may even cause behavioral or school performance problems in some children.
Chronic infections of the adenoids can affect other areas such as the Eustachian tube–the passage between the back of the nose and the inside of the ear. This can lead to frequent ear infections and buildup of fluid in the middle ear that may cause temporary hearing loss. Studies also find that removal of the adenoids may help some children with chronic earaches accompanied by fluid in the middle ear (otitis media with effusion).
How to prepare for surgery?
Children
- Talk to your child about his/her feelings and provide strong reassurance and support
- Encourage the idea that the procedure will make him/her healthier.
- Be with your child as much as possible before and after the surgery.
- Tell him/her to expect a sore throat after surgery, and that medicines will be used to help the soreness. Drinking cold water is important to reduce the pain.
- It may be helpful to talk about the surgery with a friend who has had a tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy.
- Your otolaryngologist can answer questions about the surgical procedure.